First what is DNA FINGER PRINTING and what are uses of it.

DNA fingerprinting (also called DNA profiling or DNA typing) is a technique to identity and compare the act of DNA it is used for a lots of purpose forensic is the major field in which it is used.

1):- Every all in our body contain DNA.

2):- About 99.9% of the DNA between two human is the same.

It is discovered by sir ALEC JEFFREYS in 1984 after he repeat you could detect variation in human DNA in the form of these minisatellites .

In India the father of DNA fingerprinting is known as Dr LALJI SINGH and V. K KACHYAP.

In India the main center of DNA fingerprinting located in Kolkatta.

Two concepts are used in DNA profiling.

1) VNTR (variable number of tender repeat):– It is the short nucleotide repeat in the DNA and very specific in each individual it is also called minisatellite. The first minisatellite was discovered in 1980 each individual inherit these repeat from her/his parents.

2):- PCR (polymerase chain reaction):- PCR is a machine tag polymerase enzyme is present in this machine the enzymes obtain from thermos aquatus bacteria used this enzyme is work in very high temperature it elenatured the double chained DNA into single chained DNA. PCR used in DNA fingerprinting where the DNA contain is very small in amount.

Step used in DNA fingerprinting:-

1) The first step o DNA fingerprinting was to extract DNA from a sample of human material, usually blood.

2) Reaction enzymes were used to cut the DNA. It cut the DNA into small or large fingerprinting.

3) Then the DNA fragment pass through a machine called gel electropore the DNA fragment were saprate according  to these size.

4) The nylon membrane was incubated with radioactive probes.

5) Then the nylon membrane exposing by x- ray film.

When exposed to radio activity a pattern of more than 30 dark bands appeared on the film where the labeled DNA  was this pattern was the fingerprinting.

Application of DNA :-

1) Forensic uses.

2) Solve the paternity depute..

3) It is useful to detection the crime.

4) Identification of rape victim.